TuberID

Taxon

Species ID

Species Name

Tuber magnatum

Clade

Aestivum

Index Fungorum Record

184470

MycoBank ID

230778

Fungal Names ID

184470

Catalogue of Life Record

V5P8K

GBIF Record

5258456

Synonyms

Tuber griseum Borch ex Pers., 1801

Edible

Authorship

Picco

Author Names

Picco V.

Reference

Meleth. bot.: 79

First Description (Year)

1788

Ascocarp

Odour

Pleasant, penetrating, garlic-like or strong cheese

Ascocarp Form

irregular, tuberiform, sometimes compressed, frequently lobed or gibbose

Ascocarp Size (cm)

2-20

Peridium

External Morphology (Peridium)

smooth or frequently finely granular or papillate.

Peridium Color

whitish, yellowish, pale ochre to greyish, sometimes with greenish shades

Wart Morphology

irregular

Wart Size (cm)

Gleba

Gleba Color at Maturity

withish, ligth straw, ligth ochre, ochre-brown

Gleba Aspect

marbled, with white veins

Spores

Spore Form

globose to broadly ellipsoidal

Spore Minimum Length (μm)

Spore Maximum Length (μm)

Spore Minimum Diameter (μm)

Spore Maximum Diameter (μm)

Spore color

pale yellow to ochre

Spore ornamentation

alveolate, alveols with closed meshes

Spore ornamentation height (µm)

4-5

Spore ornamentation diameter (µm)

10-22

Mycorrhiza (ECM)

ECM Form

cylindrical or club shaped with rounded end. Simple or ramified. Monopodial pinnate or monopodial piramidal (Angiosperm host). Dichotomous (Gymnosperm host)

ECM color (young)

greyish to pale yellow

ECM color (mature)

dark grey, greysh amber, dark amber, brown

Cystidia form

straight or slightly waved, sometimes with a right-angled ramification, surface smooth or rough to warty, with blunt tips

Cystidia color

colourless, hyaline

Cystidia Length (µm)

up to 480

Cystidia Basal Diameter (µm)

3-5

Method #1 - Marker: ITS

Forward Primer

(ITSMAGN) GTCACTGAAAACCCACTCACG

Melting Temp (°C)

Reverse Primer

(ITSBACK3) TGAGGTCAACCCAGTTGGACAGT

PCR Product Size (bps)

230

MgCl₂ Conc.

4 mM

Additives in mixture

BSA (7mg/ml)

PCR cycles

3 min at 95 °C, 25 cycles [30 s at 95 °C, 30 s at 63 °C, 45 s at 72 °C] final extension 7 min at 72 °C

Reference

Rubini A., Paolocci F., Granetti B., Arcioni S. (2001). Morphological characterization of molecular-typed Tuber magnatum ectomycorrhizae. Mycorrhiza, vol. 11, pp. 179-185. - doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s005720100116

Method #2 - Marker: ITS-nested

Forward Primer

(P7) TCCTACCAGCAGTCTGAGAAAGGGC

Melting Temp (°C)

Reverse Primer

(M3) TGAGGTCTACCCAGTTGGGCAGTGG

PCR Product Size (bps)

434

MgCl₂ Conc.

1.5 mM

Additives in mixture

BSA (0.1 mg/ml)

PCR cycles

5 min at 94 °C, 40 cycles [45s at 94 °C, 45s at 65 °C, 45s at 72 °C] final extension 5 min at 72 °C

Reference

Mello, A., Garnero, L., & Bonfante, P. (1999). Specific PCR-primers as a reliable tool for the detection of white truffles in mycorrhizal roots. New Phytologist, vol. 141, pp. 511-516. - doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00356.x

Method #3 - Marker: ITS

Forward Primer

(TmagI) GGATGCGTCTCCGAATCCTGAAT

Melting Temp (°C)

Reverse Primer

(TmagII) TCGGGCCCTTTCTCAGACTGCTG

PCR Product Size (bps)

173

MgCl₂ Conc.

1.5 mM

Additives in mixture

PCR cycles

5 min at 94 °C, 25 cycles [94 °C 20 s, 62 °C 15 s] final extension 7 min at 72 °C

Reference

Amicucci A, Zambonelli A, Giomaro G, Potenza L, Stocchi V (1998). Identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi of the genus Tuber by species-specific ITS primers. Molecular Ecology, vol. 7, pp. 273-277. - doi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230548556

Method #4 - Marker: ITS

Forward Primer

(TmgITS1for) GCGTCTCCGAATCCTGAATA

Melting Temp (°C)

Reverse Primer

(TmgITSrev) ACAGTAGTTTTTGGGACTGTGC

PCR Product Size (bps)

106

MgCl₂ Conc.

1.5 mM

Additives in mixture

PCR cycles

6 min at 95 °C, 25 cycles [95 °C 20 s, 60 °C 30s, 72 °C 40 s] final extension 7 min at 72 °C

Reference

Iotti M, Leonardi M, Oddis M, Salerni E, Baraldi E, Zambonelli A (2012). Development and validation of a real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of Tuber magnatum in soil. BMC Microbiology, vol. 12, pp. 93. - doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-12-93

Method #5 - Marker: ITS

Forward Primer

(MG09 I) TCACTTGGGGCGTCCGAGAT

Melting Temp (°C)

Reverse Primer

(MG09 II) ACTGCTGGAAACGGGGAATG

PCR Product Size (bps)

158

MgCl₂ Conc.

1.5 mM

Additives in mixture

PCR cycles

5 min at 94 °C, 30 cycles [94 °C 15 s, 52 °C 15 s] final extension 7 min at 72 °C

Reference

Rossi I, Bartolacci B, Potenza L, Bertini L, Barbieri E, StocchiV (2000). Identification of white truffle species using RAPD markers. Plant and Soil, vol. 219, pp. 127-133. - doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004792528164

Method #6 - Marker: ITS

Forward Primer

(Tmag3) TTAACTGTTTAAGTTTGTCAGGC

Melting Temp (°C)

Reverse Primer

(Tmag4) CCTGAATATCTCCTGTGTACCAT

PCR Product Size (bps)

151

MgCl₂ Conc.

Additives in mixture

PCR cycles

3 min at 94 °C, 35 cycles [94 °C 30 s, 56 °C 30 s, 72 °C 2 min], final extension 2 min at 72 °C

Reference

Rizzello R, Zampieri E, Vizzini A, Autino A, Cresti M, Bonfante P, Mello A (2012). Authentication of prized white and black truffles in processed products using quantitative real-time PCR. Food Research International, vol. 48, pp. 792-797. - doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.06.019

Method #7 - Marker: ITS

Forward Primer

(TmagI) GGATGCGTCTCCGAATCCTGAAT

Melting Temp (°C)

Reverse Primer

(ITS4) TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC

PCR Product Size (bps)

635

MgCl₂ Conc.

6.7 mM

Additives in mixture

PCR cycles

5 min at 94 °C, 30 cycles [94 °C 20 s, 63 °C 15 s, 72 °C 30 s] final extension 7 min at 72 °C

Reference

Amicucci A, Guidi C, Zambonelli A, Potenza L, Stocchi V (2000). Multiplex PCR for the identification of white Tuber species. FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 189, pp. 265-269. - doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09241.x

Method #8 - Marker: Beta-tubulin

Forward Primer

(Tubmagnf) CCTCCCAATTTGCAATACAC

Melting Temp (°C)

Reverse Primer

(Elytubr) AAAGACGAAGTTATCTGGCCTGA

PCR Product Size (bps)

282

MgCl₂ Conc.

Additives in mixture

PCR cycles

30 s at 94 °C, 25 cycles [94 °C 30 s, 61 °C 30 s, 72 °C 30 s], final extension 5 min at 72 °C

Reference

Zampieri E, Murat C, Cagnasso M, Bonfante P, Mello A (2010). Soil analysis reveals the presence of an extended mycelial network in a Tuber magnatum truffle-ground. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol. 71, pp. 43-49. - doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00783.x

**Database for morphological and molecular identification of Tuber species**

Tuber magnatum

Taxon

Ascocarp

Peridium

Gleba

Spores

Mycorrhiza (ECM)

Hosts

Host #1

Host #2

Host #3

Host #5

Host #8

Host #9

Host #10

Host #11

Host #16

Host #17

Host #18

Host #19

Host #20

Host #21

Host #22

Molecular Identification Methods

Method #1 - Marker: ITS

Method #2 - Marker: ITS-nested

Method #3 - Marker: ITS

Method #4 - Marker: ITS

Method #5 - Marker: ITS

Method #6 - Marker: ITS

Method #7 - Marker: ITS

Method #8 - Marker: Beta-tubulin

Contents