Rapid and effective genotyping is an important goal to discriminate among the numerous olive cultivars and their wild related forms. The largely used di-nucleotide simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers show a high level of polymorphism and have strongly contributed to solve many inconsistencies in varietal identity, but many problems related to difficult discrimination of neighboring alleles and low comparability of data among different labs severely reduce their applicability for large-scale screening. The availability of numerous transcriptome libraries, which were developed from different tissues of several olive varieties, has allowed their intensive screening to search for polynucleotide microsatellite regions with long core repeats, potentially polymorphic among varieties. An accurate screening of all these polymorphisms has allowed to select a set of 25 trinucleotide and one tetranucleotide SSRs, showing a good level of discrimination power with a high allele pattern resolution and repeatability. They were preliminarily tested on a group of cultivated varieties then validated on a wider group of cultivated and wild plants, and related species and subspecies, demonstrating a good transferability within the entire Olea taxon. Furthermore, an in silico functional prediction has allowed to assign each transcribed sequence to their gene functions and biological process categories, highlighting their potential application of these new EST-SSRs as functional markers.
